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Automotive Intelligent Motion Driving Minimises Electromagnetic Noise ichome.com
The automotive industry continues to evolve as the requirements for automation, safety and power optimisation continue to increase. In this context, the use of DC motors in bodywork applications plays an important role. These motors are used in internal combustion and electric vehicles with various functions such as door locks, window lifters, pumps, steering adjustment, and power luggage.
Driving DC motors with specialised silicon motor drives offers several advantages in terms of reliability, simplicity of use, monitoring and protection features, and advanced drive capabilities. An example of the advanced and luxury features that can be realised is the ability to drive a motor using a PWM input signal: varying the duty cycle will regulate the motor speed and torque. However, PWM signals can cause significant electromagnetic interference (EMI), which can lead to problems such as RFI and signal distortion.
In extreme cases, EMI can have a serious impact on vehicle safety, interfering with critical safety systems such as airbags, anti-lock brakes, and electronic stability control, posing a serious safety hazard to drivers and passengers. Therefore, motors and their control circuits must be carefully designed and operated to minimise EMI and ensure the reliable operation of all electronic systems in the vehicle. This can be achieved through careful component selection, correct earthing and shielding techniques and the use of appropriate filters to reduce switching noise and other sources of EMI.
Driving Steering Column Motors
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Automakers are increasingly using brushed DC motors in vehicle steering columns to enhance the driving experience, improve driver comfort and ensure safety. In steering columns, lift and shift motors are typically used to adjust the height and position of the steering wheel. The lift motors raise or lower the steering column to accommodate drivers of different heights, while the shift motors move the steering wheel forward or backward for a more comfortable driving position. A typical block diagram for this application is shown in Figure 1.
The ST VIPower M0-7 half-bridge (H-bridge) family consists of a wide range of DC motor drivers designed for automotive applications. the VIPower M0-7 H-bridge integrates logic functions and power structures in a single package that enables drive, protection and fault functions to provide advanced diagnostics, protection and a minimal footprint. The VNHD7008AY and VNHD7012AY are perfect for driving steering column actuators and are hosted in the PowerSSO-36 package for easy and efficient integration into new or existing designs.
To complete the H-bridge function, the VNHD7008AY/VNHD7012AY require the use of two external power MOSFETs.The STL76DN4LF7AG and STL64DN4F7AG are high-performance products featuring STMicroElectronics\’ STripFET F7 technology. Their compliance with AEC Q101 ensures their suitability for use in automotive applications. The dual-island PowerFLAT 5×6 package is another great feature that saves PCB space for compact designs.
The VNHD7008AY / VNHD7012AY allow two motors to be driven in clockwise and counterclockwise modes with a pulsed power supply at a frequency of 20 kHz and a duty cycle of 85%.
Electromagnetic Interference Testing
In order to measure EMI in a specific frequency range, a pole monopole antenna device in accordance with the international standard CISPR 25 is required. The measurements were carried out in a dark room to minimise any external interference, as shown in the block diagram. Figure 2.
Figure 2 Block diagram of the EMI test setup
The setup consists of several components, including the Equipment Under Test (EUT), which is locally grounded as required by the test plan, a Load simulator (Load sim), an artificial network (AN), and a support with a low relative dielectric constant (εr≤1.4). The typical size of the rod antenna used in this device is 600 mm x 600 mm. This configuration ensures accurate and reliable EMI measurements by utilising a transmit test receiver located outdoors.
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